Research Article 
Improved health status with insulin degludec compared with insulin glargine in people with Type 1 diabetes
P. D. Home, L. Meneghini, U. Wendisch, R. E. Ratner, T. Johansen, T. E. Christensen, J. Jendle, A. P. Roberts and K. I. Birkeland
Diabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(6), 716-720. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03547.x
Abstract
Aims The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec (degludec), a new-generation ultra-long-acting basal insulin, was compared with insulin glargine (glargine) in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus in a 16-week, open-label, randomized trial. Health status, an important aspect of effective diabetes management, was also assessed.
Methods Degludec (n = 59) or glargine (n = 59) were injected once daily, with insulin aspart at mealtimes. Health status assessment utilized the validated Short Form 36 Health Survey, version 2, which has two summary component scores for mental and physical well-being, each comprising four domains.
Results At study end, HbA1c reductions were comparable between groups, but confirmed nocturnal hypoglycaemia was significantly less frequent with degludec [relative rate 0.42 (95% CI 0.25-0.69)], and overall hypoglycaemia numerically less frequent [relative rate 0.72 (95% CI 0.52-1.00)]. After 16 weeks, a significant improvement in Short Form 36 Health Survey mental component score of +3.01 (95% CI 0.32-5.70) was obtained for degludec against glargine, attributable to significant differences in the social functioning [+8.04 (95% CI 1.89-14.18)] and mental health domains [+2.46 (95% CI 0.10-4.82)]. For mental component score, Cohen's effect size was 0.42, indicating a small-to-medium clinically meaningful difference. The physical component score [+0.66 (95% CI -2.30 to 3.62)] and remaining domains were not significantly different between degludec and glargine.
Conclusions In the context of comparable overall glycaemic control with glargine, degludec improved mental well-being as measured using the mental component score of the Short Form 36 Health Survey. The improvements in overall mental component score and the underlying social functioning and mental health domains with degludec compared with glargine may relate to the observed reduction in hypoglycaemic events.
ASCI-ID: 109-1058
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Long-term efficacy and safety of insulin detemir compared to Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin in patients with Type 1 diabetes using a treat-to-target basal-bolus regimen with insulin aspart at meals: a 2-year, randomized, controlled trialDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(4), 442-449. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02407.x
Are family factors universally related to metabolic outcomes in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes?Diabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(4), 463-468. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02399.x
Prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(4), 501-504. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02413.x
Systematic literature review: quality of life associated with insulin pump use in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2007, 24(6), 607-617. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02120.x
Comparison of insulin detemir and insulin glargine in subjects with Type 1 diabetes using intensive insulin therapyDiabetic Medicine, 2007, 24(6), 635-642. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02113.x
Perinatal factors associated with subsequent diabetes mellitus in the child: record linkage studyDiabetic Medicine, 2007, 24(6), 664-670. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02147.x
Body composition in young female adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. A prospective case-control studyDiabetic Medicine, 2007, 24(7), 728-734. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02144.x
No evidence for increased self-reported cognitive failure in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional studyDiabetic Medicine, 2007, 24(7), 735-740. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02153.x
Flexible, intensive insulin therapy and dietary freedom in adolescents and young adults with Type 1 diabetes: a prospective implementation studyDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(5), 592-596. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02406.x
Varenicline may trigger severe hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(5), 625-626. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02419.x
Hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with an increased likelihood of albuminuria in extreme duration (> 50 years) Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(10), 1234-1236. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02534.x
Australia's national trends in the incidence of Type 1 diabetes in 0–14-year-olds, 2000–2006Diabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(6), 596-601. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02737.x
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is more effective than multiple daily insulin injections in preventing albumin excretion rate increase in Type 1 diabetic patientsDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(6), 602-608. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02736.x
Persistent arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction following successful pancreas–kidney transplantation in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(10), 1010-1018. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02817.x
Plasma glucose and hypoglycaemia following exercise in people with Type 1 diabetes: a comparison of three basal insulinsDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(10), 1027-1032. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02807.x
The effect of biopsy-positive silent coeliac disease and treatment with a gluten-free diet on growth and glycaemic control in children with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(12), 1250-1254. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02859.x
Perinatal risk factors for early onset of Type 1 diabetes in a 2000–2005 birth cohortDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(12), 1193-1197. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02878.x
Does an advanced insulin education programme improve outcomes and health service use for people with Type 2 diabetes? A 5-year follow-up of the Newcastle Empowerment courseDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(12), 1277-1281. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02858.x
The associations of apolipoprotein E and angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms and cognitive function in Type 1 diabetes based on an 18-year follow-up of the DCCT cohortDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(1), 15-22. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02885.x
Fear of hypoglycaemia in mothers and fathers of children with Type 1 diabetes is associated with poor glycaemic control and parental emotional distress: a population-based studyDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(1), 72-78. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02867.x
Temporal patterns in overweight and obesity in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(4), 398-404. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02956.x
Disparity in management of diabetes and coronary heart disease risk factors by sex in DCCT/EDICDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(4), 451-458. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02972.x
Frequency of biochemical hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetes with and without impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: no identifiable differences using continuous glucose monitoringDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(6), 666-672. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03006.x
Changes in pulse pressure, heart rate and the pulse pressure x heart rate product during squatting in Type 1 diabetes according to ageDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(7), 753-761. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03018.x
Diabetes-specific emotional distress mediates the association between depressive symptoms and glycaemic control in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(7), 798-803. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03025.x
Does diabetes-related distress explain the presence of depressive symptoms and/or poor self-care in individuals with Type 1 diabetes?Diabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(2), 234-237. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02896.x
Is bedtime supper necessary for older children with diabetes using glargine insulin in multiple daily injection regimens?Diabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(2), 238-241. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02900.x
Association between childhood obesity and subsequent Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysisDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(1), 10-18. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03160.x
Association of insulin sensitivity to lipids across the lifespan in people with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(2), 148-155. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03143.x
Proinsulin/C-peptide ratio, glucagon and remission in new-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus in young adultsDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(2), 156-161. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03191.x
Effects of meals with different glycaemic index on postprandial blood glucose response in patients with Type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusionDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(2), 227-229. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03176.x
Characterizing sudden death and dead-in-bed syndrome in Type 1 diabetes: analysis from two childhood-onset Type 1 diabetes registriesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(3), 293-300. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03154.x
Frequency of symptomatic and asymptomatic hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetes: effect of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemiaDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(3), 352-355. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03203.x
Nurse-led cardiovascular risk factor intervention leads to improvements in cardiovascular risk targets and glycaemic control in people with Type 1 diabetes when compared with routine diabetes clinic attendanceDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(3), 373-379. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03224.x
Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: influences of glycaemic control, obesity and social disadvantageDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(9), 1060-1067. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03333.x
The experiences of children and their parents in paediatric diabetes services should inform the development of communication skills for healthcare staff (the DEPICTED Study)Diabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(9), 1103-1108. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03292.x
Validation of an abbreviated adherence measure for young people with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(9), 1113-1117. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03321.x
Satisfaction with continuous glucose monitoring in adults and youths with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(9), 1118-1122. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03368.x
The locus of control in patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes managed by individual and group careDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(1), 86-90. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02319.x
Prevalence and associations of psychological distress in young adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(1), 91-96. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02310.x
Reduced frequency of blood group Lewis a-b- in female Type 1 diabetes patientsDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(2), 236-238. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02340.x
A low incidence of Type 1 diabetes between 1977 and 2001 in south-eastern Sweden in areas with high population density and which are more deprivedDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(3), 255-260. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02342.x
Association between depression and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in patients with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(3), 349-354. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02369.x
Glycaemic control and body mass index in late-adolescents and young adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a population-based studyDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(3), 360-364. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02372.x
Determinants of adiponectin levels in young people with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(3), 365-369. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02374.x
Ketoacidosis occurs in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes- a population-based study from Northern SwedenDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(7), 867-870. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02461.x
New potential treatments for protection of pancreatic B-cell function in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(11), 1259-1267. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02556.x
Relationship between soluble CD40 ligand and γ-glutamyltransferase concentrations in non-drinking, young Type 1 diabetic individualsDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(11), 1283-1288. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02575.x
Serum Th1 (CXCL10) and Th2 (CCL2) chemokine levels in children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal studyDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(11), 1349-1353. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02577.x
Association between reduced pulmonary diffusing capacity and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(11), 1366-1369. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02571.x
Quality of life in children with Type 1 diabetes: a comparison of general and diabetes-specific measures and support for a unitary diabetes quality-of-life constructDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(11), 1316-1323. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02574.x
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) compared with blood glucose awareness training (BGAT) in poorly controlled Type 1 diabetic patients: long-term effects on HbA1c moderated by depression. A randomized controlled trialDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(11), 1337-1342. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02595.x
Lower levels of circulating IGF-I in Type 1 diabetic women with frequent severe hypoglycaemia during pregnancyDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(7), 826-833. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02495.x
Survey of glargine use in 115 pregnant women with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(2), 165-169. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02339.x
Quality of life and treatment satisfaction in adults with Type 1 diabetes: a comparison between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injectionsDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(2), 213-220. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02346.x
Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI) in paediatric Type 1 diabetes: a multicentre matched-pair cohort analysis over 3 yearsDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(1), 80-85. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02311.x
Acute hyperglycaemia disturbs cardiac repolarization in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(1), 101-105. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02322.x
Effects of a controlled hypoglycaemia test on QTc in adolescents with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(12), 1483-1485. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02599.x
Healthcare charges and utilization associated with diabetic neuropathy: impact of Type 1 diabetes and presence of other diabetes-related complications and comorbiditiesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(1), 61-69. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02616.x
Elevated plasma prostaglandins and acetylated histone in monocytes in Type 1 diabetes patientsDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(2), 182-186. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02658.x
Managing young people with Type 1 diabetes in a ‘rave’ new world: metabolic complications of substance abuse in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(4), 328-333. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02678.x
Seasonal variation of diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children worldwideDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(7), 673-678. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02743.x
Reduced endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) in young people with Type 1 diabetes developing microalbuminuriaDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(8), 815-819. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02761.x
Severe hypoglycaemia during pregnancy in women with Type 1 diabetes is common and planning pregnancy does not decrease the riskDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(8), 824-826. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02769.x
Diabetes-specific family conflict and psychological distress in paediatric Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(9), 908-914. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02794.x
Erythrocytosis in offspring of mothers with Type 1 diabetes-are factors other than insulin critical determinants?Diabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(9), 887-892. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02797.x
An estimation of the long-term clinical and economic benefits of insulin lispro in Type 1 diabetes in the UKDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(8), 803-814. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02775.x
1" style="text-decoration:none">Safety and efficacy of inhaled insulin (AERx® iDMS) compared with subcutaneous insulin therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetes: 1-year data from a randomized, parallel group trial1Diabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(3), 260-267. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02654.x
Children and adolescents on intensive insulin therapy maintain postprandial glycaemic control without precise carbohydrate countingDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(3), 279-285. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02669.x
Prevalence and predictors of osteopenia and osteoporosis in adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(1), 45-52. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02608.x
Clinical effectiveness of a brief educational intervention in Type 1 diabetes: results from the BITES (Brief Intervention in Type 1 diabetes, Education for Self-efficacy) trialDiabetic Medicine, 2008, 25(12), 1447-1453. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02607.x
Self-reported history of overweight and its relationship to disordered eating in adolescent girls with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(11), 1165-1171. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02844.x
Neurofibromatosis and Type 1 diabetes mellitus: an unusual associationDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(11), 1180-1181. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02848.x
Effect of combined oral proteases and flavonoid treatment in subjects at risk of Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(12), 1309-1310. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02879.x
Comparison of insulin lispro protamine suspension and insulin detemir in basal-bolus therapy in patients with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(5), 563-569. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02986.x
Risks of marathon running and hypoglycaemia in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(5), 585-588. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02969.x
Fear of hypoglycaemia in adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(10), 1151-1158. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03078.x
Increased maternal Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) associated with older age at diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes in offspringDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(12), 1450-1453. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03130.x
Glycaemic variability is associated with coronary artery calcium in men with Type 1 diabetes: the Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes studyDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(12), 1436-1442. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03127.x
Factors affecting improved glycaemic control in youth using insulin pumpsDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(10), 1174-1177. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03068.x
Psychological adjustment of well siblings of children with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(9), 1084-1087. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03041.x
Predictors of glycaemic control in patients with Type 1 diabetes commencing continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapyDiabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(3), 339-347. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02925.x
Can children with Type 1 diabetes and their caregivers estimate the carbohydrate content of meals and snacks?Diabetic Medicine, 2010, 27(3), 348-353. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.02945.x
Genome-wide SNP genotyping study using pooled DNA to identify candidate markers mediating susceptibility to end-stage renal disease attributed to Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2009, 26(11), 1090-1098. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02846.x
Insulin dose changes in children attending a residential diabetes campDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(4), 480-486. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03220.x
Development and evaluation of a standardized registry for diabetes in pregnancy using data from the Northern, North West and East Anglia regional auditsDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(7), 797-804. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03259.x
Trends in Type 1 diabetes incidence in the UK in 0- to 14-year-olds and in 15- to 34-year-olds, 1991-2008Diabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(7), 811-814. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03288.x
Continuous moderate-intensity exercise with or without intermittent high-intensity work: effects on acute and late glycaemia in athletes with Type 1 diabetes mellitusDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(7), 824-832. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03274.x
Age effect on vascular reactivity in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(7), 833-837. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03277.x
Cognitive function in adult offspring of women with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(7), 838-844. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03300.x
Cognitive function in 6- to 12-year-old offspring of women with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(7), 845-848. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03285.x
Glycaemic control is positively associated with prevalent fractures but not with bone mineral density in patients with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(7), 872-875. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03286.x
Prevalence of Type 1 diabetes autoantibodies (GAD and IA2) in Sardinian children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditisDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(8), 896-899. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03313.x
Early introduction of root vegetables in infancy associated with advanced ß-cell autoimmunity in young children with human leukocyte antigen-conferred susceptibility to Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(8), 965-971. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03294.x
Type 1 diabetes: treatment and preventionDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(10), 1139-1139. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03417.x
Towards secondary prevention of Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(10), 1140-1140. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03418.x
How and why do patients with Type 1 diabetes sustain their use of flexible intensive insulin therapy? A qualitative longitudinal investigation of patients' self-management practices following attendance at a Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) courseDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(5), 532-538. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03243.x
Asymmetric dimethylarginine in young people with Type 1 diabetes: a paradoxical association with HbA1cDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(6), 685-691. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03252.x
Mobile phone support is associated with reduced ketoacidosis in young adultsDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(8), 1001-1004. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03302.x
Sensor-augmented pump therapy lowers HbA1c in suboptimally controlled Type 1 diabetes; a randomized controlled trialDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(10), 1158-1167. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03256.x
Effect of sitagliptin on glucose control in adult patients with Type 1 diabetes: a pilot, double-blind, randomized, crossover trialDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(10), 1176-1181. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03331.x
Reproducibility of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy as a novel screening test for early diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathyDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(10), 1253-1260. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03299.x
Incidence rate trends in childhood Type 1 diabetes in Yorkshire, UK 1978-2007: effects of deprivation and age at diagnosis in the south Asian and non-south Asian populationsDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(12), 1508-1513. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03413.x
Comparison of longitudinal point-of-care and high-performance liquid chromatography HbA1c measurements in a multi-centre trialDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(12), 1525-1529. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03404.x
Long-lasting immunogenicity and safety of a 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) MF59-adjuvanted vaccine when co-administered with a 2009-2010 seasonal influenza vaccine in young patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitusDiabetic Medicine, 2011, 28(12), 1530-1536. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03449.x
Type 1 diabetes education and care: time for a rethink?Diabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(2), 159-160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03518.x
Understanding issues associated with attending a young adult diabetes clinic: a case studyDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(2), 257-259. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03447.x
Increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease in patients with Type 1 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liverDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(2), 220-226. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03427.x
Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of reduced mild hypoglycaemia in subjects with Type 1 diabetes treated with insulin detemir or NPH insulin in Denmark, Sweden, Finland and the NetherlandsDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(3), 303-312. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03461.x
Evaluation of placental growth factor and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 as predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with Type 1 diabetes with and without diabetic nephropathyDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(3), 337-344. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03482.x
Alcohol-associated risks for young adults with Type 1 diabetes: a narrative reviewDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(4), 434-440. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03579.x
Increased serum concentrations of adhesion molecules but not of chemokines in patients with Type 2 diabetes compared with patients with Type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes in adult age: Action LADA 5Diabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(4), 470-478. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03546.x
Transitions in care: support group for young adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(4), 522-525. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03537.x
Re-examining a measure of diabetes-related burden in parents of young people with Type 1 diabetes: the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey - Parent Revised version (PAID-PR)Diabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(4), 526-530. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03434.x
Hypoglycaemia during pregnancy in women with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(5), 558-566. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03604.x
Poor numeracy skills are associated with glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(5), 662-669. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03466.x
Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) in routine clinical practice: who benefits?Diabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(5), 670-676. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03479.x
Working with young adults with Type 1 diabetes: Views of a multidisciplinary care team and implications for service deliveryDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(5), 677-681. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03601.x
Association between age, IL-10, IFNγ, stimulated C-peptide and disease progression in children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(6), 734-741. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03544.x
Glycaemic control and weight 7 years after Dose Adjustment For Normal Eating (DAFNE) structured education in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(6), 807-812. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03525.x
Type 1 diabetes and measles, mumps and rubella childhood infections within the Italian Insulin-dependent Diabetes RegistryDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(6), 761-766. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03529.x
Metabolic regulation during constant moderate physical exertion in extreme conditions in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(6), 822-826. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03453.x
Contemporary rates of severe hypoglycaemia in youth with Type 1 diabetes: variability by insulin regimenDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(7), 926-932. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03646.x
Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction independently and synergistically predict cardiovascular and renal outcome in patients with type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(8), 990-994. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03633.x
The effect of rising vs. falling glucose level on amperometric glucose sensor lag and accuracy in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(8), 1067-1073. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2011.03545.x
Experiences of using blood glucose targets when following an intensive insulin regimen: a qualitative longitudinal investigation involving patients with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(8), 1079-1084. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03670.x
Temporal changes in the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes by diabetic ketoacidosis in Brazil: A nationwide surveyDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(9), 1142-1147. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03590.x
Does severe hypoglycaemia influence microvascular complications in Type 1 diabetes? An analysis of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial databaseDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(9), 1195-1198. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03612.x
Number and sex ratio of children and impact of parental diabetes in individuals with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(10), 1268-1271. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03618.x
Type 1 diabetes in pre-school children - long-term metabolic control, associated autoimmunity and complicationsDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(10), 1291-1296. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03682.x
Facilitating children's contributions in clinic? Findings from an in-depth qualitative study with children with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(10), 1303-1310. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03714.x
Setting research priorities for Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(10), 1321-1326. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03755.x
Femoral-gluteal adiposity is not associated with insulin sensitivity in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(11), 1407-1411. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03728.x
Prevalence of ketoacidosis at diagnosis of childhood onset Type 1 diabetes in Wales from 1991 to 2009 and effect of a publicity campaignDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(12), 1506-1509. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03638.x
The risk of proliferative retinopathy in siblings with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2012, 29(12), 1567-1573. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03768.x
Type 1 diabetes from bench to bedside; a dedication to George EisenbarthDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 133-133. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12101
The multiple origins of Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 135-146. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12081
Immunological pathways to β-cell damage in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 147-154. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12085
The environment and the origins of islet autoimmunity and Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 155-160. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12099
Primary and secondary prevention of Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 161-169. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12100
Potential role of non-insulin adjunct therapy in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 179-188. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03744.x
Eating problems in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysisDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 189-198. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03771.x
Prevalence of depression among young people with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic reviewDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 199-208. DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03721.x
Self-treating hypoglycaemia: a longitudinal qualitative investigation of the experiences and views of people with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 209-215. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12007
Insulin analogues in children with Type 1 diabetes: a 52-week randomized clinical trialDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(2), 216-225. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12041
The impact of blood glucose and HbA1c goals on glycaemic control in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(3), 333-337. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12083
The effect of insulin intensification in children and young persons with Type 1 diabetes differs in relation to ethnic group; a prospective observational studyDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(4), 495-501. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12022
Urinary sulphate excretion and progression of diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(5), 563-566. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12131
Characterizing the transition from paediatric to adult care among emerging adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(5), 610-615. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12067
Clinical and socio-demographic factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis hospitalization in adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(5), 567-573. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12127
HLA class II gene associations in African American Type 1 diabetes reveal a protective HLA-DRB1*03 haplotypeDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(6), 710-716. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12148
Type 1 diabetes structured education: what are the core self-management behaviours?Diabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(6), 724-730. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12164
Blood β-hydroxybutyrate vs. urine acetoacetate testing for the prevention and management of ketoacidosis in Type 1 diabetes: a systematic reviewDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(7), 818-824. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12136
Vitamin D levels during and after resolution of ketoacidosis in children with new onset Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(7), 829-834. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12200
Compromised quality of life in patients with both Type 1 diabetes mellitus and coeliac diseaseDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(7), 835-839. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12205
Serological testing for coeliac disease in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: is immunoglobulin A level measurement necessary?Diabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(7), 840-845. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12163
Blood pressure levels but not hypertensive complications have increased in Type 1 diabetes pregnancies during 1989-2010Diabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(9), 1087-1093. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12224
Hypoglycaemia, fear of hypoglycaemia and quality of life in children with Type 1 diabetes and their parentsDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(9), 1126-1131. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12247
Diabetes distress in Type 1 diabetes-a new measurement fit for purposeDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(9), 1132-1139. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12241
Disclosure of psychosocial stressors affecting diabetes care among uninsured young adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(9), 1140-1144. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12248
Vitamin D in youth with Type 1 diabetes: prevalence of insufficiency and association with insulin resistance in the SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary StudyDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(11), 1324-1332. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12297
Concordance of retinopathy and nephropathy over time in Type 1 diabetes: an analysis of data from the Diabetes Control and Complications TrialDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(11), 1333-1341. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12296
Factors associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at onset of Type 1 diabetes in children and adolescentsDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(11), 1360-1366. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12252
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring during labour and delivery in women with Type 1 diabetes - observations from a randomized controlled trialDiabetic Medicine, 2013, 30(11), 1374-1381. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12246
Paediatric estimated average glucose in children with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(1), 36-39. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12285
Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on diabetes management and marital relationships of adults with Type 1 diabetes and their spouses: a qualitative studyDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(1), 47-54. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12276
Diabetes-Oriented Learning Family Intervention (DOLFIN): a feasibility study evaluating an intervention for carers of young persons with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(1), 55-60. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12333
Developing a hierarchy of needs for Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(1), 61-67. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12284
Patients with Type 1 diabetes consuming alcoholic spirits have an increased risk of microvascular complicationsDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(2), 156-164. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12307
The dynamic changes of zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies in Czech children from the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitusDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(2), 165-171. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12308
A novel single nucleotide polymorphism in the protein tyrosine phosphatase N22 gene (PTPN22) is associated with Type 1 diabetes in a Chinese populationDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(2), 219-226. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12331
Medical and psychological outcomes for young adults with Type 1 diabetes: no improvement despite recent advances in diabetes careDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(2), 227-231. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12305
Urinary type IV collagen as a predictor for the incidence of microalbuminuria in young patients with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(2), 213-218. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12317
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring as a tool to prevent severe hypoglycaemia in selected pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes - an observational studyDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(3), 352-356. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12383
Epidemiology of childhood Type 1 diabetes in Taiwan, 2003 to 2008Diabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(6), 666-673. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12407
Plateau of adiposity in Australian children diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes: a 20-year studyDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(6), 686-690. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12402
Use of clinical targets in diabetes patient education: qualitative analysis of the expectations and impact of a structured self-management programme in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(6), 733-738. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12401
Substantial reductions in the number of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycaemia episodes requiring emergency treatment lead to reduced costs after structured education in adults with Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(7), 847-853. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12441
Effects of advanced carbohydrate counting in patients with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic reviewDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(8), 886-896. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12446
Reductions in resistance exercise-induced hyperglycaemic episodes are associated with circulating interleukin-6 in Type 1 diabetesDiabetic Medicine, 2014, 31(8), 1009-1013. DOI: 10.1111/dme.12462