Research Article 
Effects of Saponin and L-Carnitine on the Performance and Reproductive Fitness of Male Broiler
M.Y. Miah, M.S. Rahman, M.K. Islam and M.M. Monir
International Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(8), 530-533.
Abstract
A factorial bioassay was made to evaluate 4 different levels of exogenous saponin (S); 0 mg (So), 25 mg (S1), 50 mg (S2) and 75 mg (S3) per kg and also a combination (SC) of 50 mg saponin plus 50 mg L-carnitine (S4) per kg maize-soybean meal based basal diet during the late autumn. In all, 5 experimental diets being iso-nutritive (as per NRC, 1994 recommendation) but for variable in presence and contents of saponin and L-carnitine were prepared. 8-day old male broiler chicks (n=150, Starboro) were distributed randomly into 15 groups of 10 chicks in each housed in separate pen of littered floor. Three such groups received each of 5 test diets ad libitum as mash up to 8 weeks of age. The plenty of water was made available to all chicks during the experimental period. It was found that S2 diet significantly improved body weight gain (BWG) during growing (8 days to 3 weeks) period when compared with S0, S1, S3 and S4. Dietary S and SC had no significant (p>0.05) effect separately and jointly on feed efficiency, protein efficiency and performance index. But S3 and S4 diets reduced abdominal fat significantly (p<0.05), while only S3 significantly (p<0.05) increased tastes weight. S and SC added all diets significantly (p<0.05) reduced liver, gizzard and thyroid size with little enlargement of spleen size compared to S0 fed group. Finally, it was concluded that 75 mg (S3) per kg exogenous saponin could be used as feed additive in broiler diet to improve growth and carcass quality.
ASCI-ID: 101-215
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Influence of Dietary Prebiotic Addition on Digestibility and Intestinal Microflora of Young Male Broiler Chickens Exposed to Delayed Feed Access after HatchInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(6), 408-416.
Use of Serratia marcescens for Feed Processing: Broiler Performance and Pathogenicity AssayInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(6), 424-426.
Histological Changes in the Broiler Embryonic Pipping Muscle Between Days 15 and 19 of IncubationInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(7), 427-432.
Dose-Responses of Broiler Chicks, Given Live Coccidia Vaccine on Day of Hatch, to Diets Supplemented with Various Levels of Farmatan® (Sweet Chestnut Wood Tannins) or BMD®/Stafac® in a 42-Day Pen Trial on Built-Up LitterInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(7), 474-481.
Effect of Crayfish Waste Meal on Performance Characteristics and Nutrient Retention of Broiler FinishersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(8), 496-499.
Test the Activity of Supplementation Clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) Powder, Oil and Aqueous Extract to Diet and Drinking Water on Performance of Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat StressInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(10), 635-640.
Does Inclusion at Low Levels of Organically Complexed Minerals Versus Inorganic Forms Create a Weakness in Performance or Antioxidant Defense System in Broiler Diets?International Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(10), 666-672.
Resource-Use Efficiency in Small-Holder Broiler Production in Oshimili North Local Government Area, Delta StateInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(11), 700-705.
Influence of Photoperiod, Light Intensity and Their Interaction on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broilers Grown to Heavy WeightsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(12), 739-746.
The Effect of Improved Juice Wastes Mixture (IJWM) for Corn Substitution on Broilers’ PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(2), 102-106.
Use of Lipe® as External Indicator, Replacing the Total Collection for Measuring the Coefficients of Metabolization of Nutrients and Metabolizable Energy for BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(2), 107-110.
Moringa olifera Leaf Meal as an Alternative Protein Feed Ingredient in Broiler RationInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(5), 289-297.
Cassava Root Chips as an Alternative Energy Feed Ingredient in Broiler RationInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(5), 298-306.
Assessment of Two Female Broiler Rearing Systems (Traditional and Modern) and Their Repercussion on Wellbeing, Corticosterone Concentration, Lesions in Adrenal Glands and Productive ParametersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(6), 353-357.
Effect of a Lactic Acid Bacteria Based Probiotic, FloraMax-B11®, On Performance, Bone Qualities and Morphometric Analysis of Broiler Chickens: An Economic AnalysisInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(6), 322-327.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Probiotic or Essential Oils on Growth Performance of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(9), 538-544.
Evaluation of Some Natural Antioxidant Sources in Broiler Diets: 1-Effect on Growth, Physiological, Microbiological and Immunological Performance of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(10), 561-571.
Evaluation of Some Natural Antioxidant Sources in Broiler Diets: 2-Effect on Chemical and Microbiological Quality of Chilled and Frozen Broiler MeatInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(10), 572-581.
Effect of Either Powder or Encapsulated Form of Garlic and Phyllanthus niruri L. Mixture on Broiler Performances, Intestinal Characteristics and Intestinal MicrofloraInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(11), 676-680.
Evaluation of a Rice/Soy Fermentate on Performance and Volatilization of Odorants from Fresh Fecal Material When Included in Broiler DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(12), 698-704.
Evaluating the Incidence of Gastrocnemius Tendon Rupture in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(12), 685-688.
Effect of Canola and Olive Oils on Productive, Immunological and Some Biochemical Parameters of Broiler Chickens Fed Iso Caloric and High Caloric DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(12), 726-734.
The Effect of Feeding Time Restriction During the Starter Period on Compensatory Growth and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(12), 740-745.
Effect of Nanocapsule Level on Broiler Performance and Fat DepositionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(1), 31-35.
Effects of Age, Vitamin D3 and Fructooligosaccharide on Correlation of Different Bone Parameters in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(3), 160-167.
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Probiotic or Prebiotic on Growth Performance, Organ Weight, Blood Parameters and Antibody Titers Against Influenza and Newcastle in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(2), 70-75.
Diet Selection for Protein Quality by Growing Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(8), 461-466.
Effect of Protein: Lysine Ratio on Energy and Nitrogen Metabolism in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(7), 421-428.
Evaluation the Effects of Dietary Cholecalciferol Substitution with 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol on Performance and Tibia Parameters in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(9), 515-517.
Effects of Protein Levels and Supplementation of Methyl Group Donor on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance of Broiler Chickens in the TropicsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(10), 575-581.
Effect of Corn Substitution by Sorghum Grain with Low Tannin Content on Broilers Production: Animal Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Carcass CharacteristicsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(10), 568-574.
Growth Performance and Histological Changes in Ileum and Immune Related Organs of Broilers Fed Organic Acids or Antibiotic Growth PromoterInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(10), 602-610.
Effect of Sources and Inclusion Levels of Zinc in Broiler Diets Containing Different Vegetable Oils During Summer Season Conditions on Meat QualityInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(11), 619-626.
Effect of Different Dietary Levels of Acid Whey Powder on Growth Performance and Immune Responses of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(2), 67-71.
Effect of Vitamin C, Shackling and Crating Stress on Tonic Immobility Reactions of Broiler Chickens in PreslaughterInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(2), 72-75.
Effect of Light Color on Some of Performance Indices of Hybrid Cup 500-BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(2), 100-102.
Effect of Inclusion Inorganic, Organic or Nano Selenium Forms in Broiler Diets On: 1-Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat CharacteristicsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(3), 135-143.
Effect of Inclusion Inorganic, Organic or Nano Selenium Forms in Broiler Diets On: 2-Physiological, Immunological and Toxicity Statuses of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(3), 144-155.
Effect of Dietary Nanosilver on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(3), 177-182.
Influence of Photoperiod, Light Intensity and Their Interaction on Health Indices of Modern Broilers Grown to Heavy WeightsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(4), 183-190.
Timing of Light Exposure During Incubation to Improve Hatchability, Chick Quality and Post-Hatch Well-Being in Broiler Chickens: 21 or 18 DaysInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(5), 293-299.
Histological Response of Broiler’s Immune Related Organs to Feeding Different Direct Fed MicrobialsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(6), 331-337.
Energy Utilization from Various Fat Sources by Broiler Chickens at Different AgesInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(5), 257-261.
Palm Kernel Polysaccharides as a Feed Additive for Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(7), 394-397.
Effect of Liquid Nanocapsule Level on Broiler Performance and Total CholesterolInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(7), 403-406.
Comparison of Incandescent, CFL, LED and Bird Level LED Lighting: Growth, Fear and StressInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(8), 449-455.
Effect of Exposing Layer and Broiler Eggs to Red or White Light During IncubationInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(9), 491-496.
Coccidiosis Prevalence and Correlation with Intestinal Health of Broilers in Brazilian Agricultural Industries Between the Years 2012 and 2014International Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(9), 511-515.
Complexed Zinc and Manganese Supplementation on Live and Processing Performance in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(9), 537-540.
Suitability Mapping for Broiler Closed House Farm Using Analytical Hierarchy Process and Weighted Overlay with Emphasize on Environmental AspectsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(10), 577-583.
Effect of Dried Rumen Content with and Without Cellulase in Diet on Carcass Quality of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(12), 647-650.
On-Farm Resources and Renewable Energy in Broiler Chicken Production: Brinson Farms Case StudyInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(2), 41-47.
Effect of Fermented Ginkgo biloba and Camelia sinensis-Based Probiotics on Growth Performance, Immunity and Caecal Microbiology in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(2), 62-71.
Mid-Flock and Post-Harvest Spatial Characterization of Broiler Litter Gas Flux and NutrientsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(5), 175-181.
Performance, Safety and Tissue Residue Study for Coated Sodium Butyrate Added to Broiler FeedInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(5), 161-174.
Evaluation of an Algal Beta-1,3-Glucan on Broiler Growth Performance and Immune ResponseInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(5), 201-210.
Comparative Effects of Blended Herbal Extracts and Mixed Prebiotics on Growth Performance, Carcass Yields and Intestinal Morphology of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(7), 264-270.
Indoor Fungal Load in Broiler Flocks Environment at Different Stages of Production CycleInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(8), 297-303.
Effect of Partially-Protected Sodium Butyrate and Virginiamycin on Nutrient Digestibility, Metabolizable Energy, Serum Metabolites and Performance of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(8), 304-312.
Spectrum of White Light During Incubation: Warm vs Cool White LED LightingInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(9), 343-348.
Reduced Expression of Heat Shock Protein (HSP) 70 Gene by Ascorbic Acid Supplementation in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Transportation Stress to Maintain the Quality of Meat and Hematological ParametersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(11), 432-441.
Effects of High Fat Broiler Pre-starter Rations on Performance and CostInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(12), 467-474.
Effect of an Exogenous Protease in Association with Carbohydrases in Broilers Infected with CoccidiaInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(12), 475-486.
Roles of Fructooligosaccharides and Phytase in Broiler Chickens: ReviewInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(1), 16-22.
Evaluation of Bacteria from Gallus domesticus as a Potential Probiotic in Broiler Chicks: Effects on Growth Performance and Feed Conversion RatioInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(2), 43-49.
Implications of Intensive Spatial Sampling of Broiler Litter: Characteristics and Gaseous EmissionsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(3), 60-68.
Effect of Threonine Supplementation on Broiler Chicken Productivity TraitsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(4), 160-168.
Brazilian Propolis Effects on Growth, Productivity Performance, Gut Characteristics and Physiological Changes in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(5), 169-179.
A Comparison of Essential Oil and Organic Acid Supplementation on the Live Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers Fed a Diet Containing Palm Kernel MealInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(5), 196-202.
Growth Performance and Carcass Analysis of Broilers Fed with Enhanced Quality Palm Kernel MealInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(6), 215-220.
Effects of Amino Acid Composition in a Bacillus amyloliquefaciens-fermented Mixture of Bovine Blood and Coconut Pulp on Growth Performance, Blood Cholesterol of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(7), 274-280.
Lipid Formation and mRNA Expression of Key Adipogenic Genes in the Liver of Athens Canadian Random Breed and COBB Chicken Breeds During the Embryogenic PeriodInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(10), 374-380.
Study of the Correlation Between Intestinal Health and Prevalence of Coccidiosis in Broiler Chickens of Brazilian Agribusinesses Between the Years 2015 and 2016International Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(10), 381-386.
Mineral Composition of Litter in Commercial Broiler HousesInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(2), 85-91.
Dosage Effects of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis 2 as a Probiotic on the Percentage of Carcass, Abdominal Fat Content and Cholesterol Level in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(2), 100-105.
Grasshopper Meal (Ornithacris cavroisi) in Broiler Diets in Niger: Bioeconomic PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(3), 126-133.
Effect of Dietary Combinations of Garlic and Onion in Broiler ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(3), 147-153.
Using Different Feed Additives as Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoter to Improve Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(6), 255-261.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Different Levels of Palm Pollen on the Physiological Performance of the BroilerInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(6), 285-289.
Utilization of Fermented Palm Kernel Cake with Sclerotium rolfsii in Broiler RationInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(7), 342-347.
Combination of Xylanase and Bacillus Direct-fed Microbials, as an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters, Improves Live Performance and Gut Health in Subclinical Challenged BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(8), 362-366.
The Effect of Fermented Sauropus androgynus Plus Bay Leaf Inclusion on the Hematologic and Lipid Profiles of Female Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(9), 410-417.
Effects of Self-Selection Diets Differing in Cereal Source and Protein Level on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(10), 479-485.
The Effect of Dietary Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] Leaf Meal Supplementation on Total Ileal Bacteria and Jejunal Histomorphology in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(10), 473-478.
Effects of Different Dietary Levels of Palm Pollen (Phoenix dactylifera L.) On the Humoral Immunity and Hematology of Broiler BloodInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(11), 523-528.
Performance of Broilers Exposed to Used Litter and Fed Diets with Agolin® Poultry, BMD®/Stafac® or No Additive from 0-42 DaysInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(11), 515-522.
The Effect of Adding Oak Bark Powder to the Diet on Some Productive and Immunological Characteristics of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(1), 7-13.
Effects of Feeding Time Restriction During the Whole Rearing Period on the Growth Performance of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(1), 14-20.
Effects of Different Phase-Feeding Programs with Different Feed Forms on Broiler Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Intestinal MorphologyInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(4), 181-186.
Cholesterol, Yield, Tibia and Clavicle Ash of Broilers fed High Available Phosphorus Corn and/or Phytase with/without Alum Litter TreatmentInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(7), 349-352.
Exogenous Enzymes and the Digestibility of Nutrients by Broilers: A Mini ReviewInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(9), 404-409.
Kinetics of the Antimicrobial Activity Appearance in Ross 208 Broilers Chicken Tissues Following an Oxytetracycline Supplemented DietInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(10), 454-458.
Alternative Bedding Materials to Improve Growth Performance and Welfare of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(9), 431-437.
The Responses of Exogenous Enzymes (Multi-Enzymes) on the Productivity and Stage of Production of Broilers Fed Vegetable-sourced DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(11), 515-522.
The Effect of Altering Feed Formula, Processing and Supplements on Clostridium spp. In Broilers Using the Fung Double Tube MethodInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(11), 544-554.
Nutraceutical Effect of Ganoderma lucidum Fungus on Neonatal Broilers DietInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(12), 641-647.
Betel Nut Husks as An Alternative Litter Materials for Broiler ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(2), 81-85.
Interactive Effects of Light-Sources, Photoperiod and Strain on Blood Physiological Variables of Broilers Grown to Heavy WeightInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(2), 86-96.
Lignite Coal and Biochar Reduce Ammonia Emissions from Broiler LitterInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(3), 137-141.
Adaptability of Broilers to Dietary Phosphorus Repletion and Depletion ProgramsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(3), 130-136.
The Effects of Feeding Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Maggot Meal as a Substitute for Fish Meal on Broiler Meat QualityInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(4), 186-192.
Assessing Scavenger Activity at Delmarva Broiler Farm CompostersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(8), 385-389.
Corn-Expressed Phytase Influence on Broiler Growth PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(7), 330-337.
Effect of Beetroot Juice (Beta vulgaris) on Growth Performance, Blood Profile and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(7), 303-308.
Effects of Inclusion Levels of Discarded Corn Grain on Growth Performance, Edible Portions and Economic Response in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(8), 372-379.
Comparative Amino Acid Ileal Digestibility of Feed Ingredients Measured with Indigenous and Commercial Strains of ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(9), 396-402.
Effect of β-Mannanase Enzymes Supplementation to Energy Deficient Diets on Productive Performance, Physiological and Carcass Traits of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2020, 19(10), 455-466.
Efficacy of a Novel, Native Microbial Feed Supplement on the Mitigation of Necrotic Enteritis in Cobb 500 Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2022, 21(2), 57-64.
Probiotic Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Broiler Chickens in Côte d’IvoireInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2022, 21(3), 119-128.
Broiler Litter Ammonia: Caked, Surface and Base Moisture Effects on EmissionsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2022, 21(3), 129-135.
Broiler Genetics May Influence Performance Response When Fed Low Crude Protein DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2022, 21(3), 136-141.
Effect of Corn-Expressed Glucanase on Mineral Digestibility and Apparent Metabolizable Energy in Broiler DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2023, 22(1), 12-16.
Effect of L-Carnitine and Vegetable Fat on Broiler Breeder Fertility, Hatchability, Egg Yolk and Serum Cholesterol and TriglycerideInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(10), 970-974.
The Effect of Different Feed Restriction Programs and Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Hepatic Lipogenesis, Plasma Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Yolk IgY Content of Broiler Breeder HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(4), 328-341.
The Effect of Different Feed Restriction Programs and Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Reproductive Performance, Efficiency, Frame Size and Uniformity in Broiler Breeder HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(5), 409-425.
Effects of in ovo Administration of L-carnitine on Hatching Events and Juvenile Performance of Layer-type ChickInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(10), 980-983.
Effects of Different Levels of L-carnitine Supplementation on Egg Quality and Blood Parameters of Laying Japanese QuailInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(8), 621-625.
Saponin Content of Sapindus rarak Pericarp Affected by Particle Size and Type of Solvent, its Biological Activity on Eimeria tenella OocystsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(6), 347-352.