Research Article 
The Effect of Different Feed Restriction Programs and Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Reproductive Performance, Efficiency, Frame Size and Uniformity in Broiler Breeder Hens
M. de Beer and C.N. Coon
International Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(5), 409-425.
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Everyday (ED) or Skip-a-day (SK) feed restriction programs and L-carnitine supplementation on breeder reproductive performance. In Experiment 1 a 2 x 2 factorial design was used to compare feeding regimens (ED vs. SK) and L-carnitine supplementation (0 vs 50 mg /kg). L-carnitine supplementation began at day 1 and lasted throughout the 45 week experimental period. SK feeding programs were implemented from 28 days of age to 5% production. Feed allocation was adjusted to ensure equal BW between groups. At 21 weeks, 60 pullets from each treatment combination were housed individually. Feeding ED improved the feed conversion ratio by 0.24 units for 21 week pullets, resulted in 3 days earlier attainment of Sexual Maturity (SM), produced 4.6 more total eggs and 5.0 more settable eggs than SK fed pullets. Uniformity was less for ED fed pullets (2.07 higher CV). Egg size was increased by 1.16g with dietary L-carnitine. Body composition was not affected by either feeding regimen or L-carnitine. In Experiment 2, the same effects were tested but a low density grower diet was used from 4-18 weeks. L-carnitine was supplemented from day 1 and SK programs began at day 28 and extended to 5% production. Feed allocation was adjusted to maintain equal BW and 80 pullets per treatment were individually housed at 21 weeks. L-carnitine and ED feeding through 21 wk improved the FCR by 0.06 and 0.12 units, respectively. Feeding ED resulted in 5.8 days earlier SM, 4.7 more total eggs and 4.4 more settable eggs than SK. Uniformity was not affected by feeding regimen or L-carnitine. Carcass fat was reduced and carcass ash was increased by L-carnitine supplementation at 22 weeks. It was concluded that ED fed breeders are more productive than SK fed breeders primarily because of earlier SM. ED fed breeders are more efficient than SK breeder pullets because there are less nutrients wasted for tissue replenishment. Feeding breeder pullets ED with low energy density diets helped eliminate uniformity differences for pullets fed ED and SK feeding regimens. Breeders fed L-carnitine during 21 wk rearing period improved the FCR by 0.06 units for both Experiment 1 and 2. While, the effect of L-carnitine on total egg production was not significant, L-carnitine supplemented birds produced 3.9 and 2.7 more total eggs at 45 weeks than non-supplemented birds in Experiments 1 and 2 respectively. The consistency of the results and the associated p-values (p = 0.12; p = 0.13) for total egg production in the two experiments suggest that L-carnitine may have some beneficial effects on egg production. Breeders fed carnitine also showed significant increases in EW in Experiment 1 and near significant (p = 0.13) increases in EW for the second experiment. Carnitine was unable to attenuate the negative effects of SK feeding associated with the lengthy fasting periods.
ASCI-ID: 101-1137
Similar Articles
The Effect of Feed Restriction Programs and Growth Curves on Reproductive Performance, in vitro Lipogenesis and Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratios in Broiler Breeder Hens
International Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(4), 373-388.
An Examination of the P Requirements of Broiler Breeders for Performance, Progeny Quality and P Balance 1. Non-phytate PhosphorusInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(11), 1043-1049.
Effect of Nipple Lines vs. Water Trough on Pekin Duck Breeder Performance and Well-BeingInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(2), 52-56.
Comparison of Energy Feeding Programs and Early Feed Restriction on Live Performance and Carcass Quality of Large Male Broilers Grown for Further Processing at 9 to 12 Weeks of AgeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(1), 61-69.
Post Molt Performance Parameters of Broiler Breeder Hens Associated with Molt Induced by Feed Restriction, High Dietary Zinc and FastingInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(7), 456-462.
Effect of Chronic Heat Stress and Long-Term Feed Restriction on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(2), 185-190.
Effect of Dietary Al2(SO4)3 on Salmonella Transmission, Feed Consumption and Growth in Immature Replacement BreedersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(11), 1053-1056.
Effect of Early Feed Restriction on Performance Characteristics and Serum Thyroxin of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(12), 1156-1159.
Surface Area of the Tip of the Enterocytes in Small Intestine Mucosa of Broilers Submitted to Early Feed Restriction and Supplemented with GlutamineInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(1), 31-35.
Effects of Early Skip-A-Day Feed Removal and Litter Material on Broiler Live and Processing Performance and Litter Bacterial LevelsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(2), 110-116.
Immunocompetence, Hepatic Heat Shock Protein 70 and Physiological Responses to Feed Restriction and Heat Stress in Two Body Weight Lines of Japanese QuailInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(2), 174-183.
The Effect of Feed Restriction Programs and Growth Curves on Reproductive Performance, in vitro Lipogenesis and Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratios in Broiler Breeder HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(4), 373-388.
New Approach for the Incidence of Ascites Syndrome in Broiler Chickens and Management Control the Metabolic DisordersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(1), 90-98.
Effects of Yeast Extract Addition in Diet on Performances and Feather Pecking of Pullets When Raising under Feed Restriction and Litter RemovalInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(4), 284-286.
Effects of Early Feed Restriction on Some Performance and Reproductive Parameters in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)International Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(6), 323-328.
Effects of Feeding Time Restriction During the Whole Rearing Period on the Growth Performance of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(1), 14-20.
Effects of Saponin and L-Carnitine on the Performance and Reproductive Fitness of Male BroilerInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(8), 530-533.
Effect of L-Carnitine and Vegetable Fat on Broiler Breeder Fertility, Hatchability, Egg Yolk and Serum Cholesterol and TriglycerideInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(10), 970-974.
The Effect of Different Feed Restriction Programs and Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Hepatic Lipogenesis, Plasma Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Yolk IgY Content of Broiler Breeder HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(4), 328-341.
Effects of in ovo Administration of L-carnitine on Hatching Events and Juvenile Performance of Layer-type ChickInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(10), 980-983.
Effects of Different Levels of L-carnitine Supplementation on Egg Quality and Blood Parameters of Laying Japanese QuailInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(8), 621-625.
Effect of Feeding Gliricidia Sepium Leaf Meal on the Performance and Egg Quality of LayersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2002, 1(1,2,3), 26-28.
Effect of Adding Chicory Fructans in Feed on Broiler Growth Performance, Serum Cholesterol and Intestinal LengthInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2003, 2(3), 214-219.
Evaluation of Cell Wall Yeast as Adsorbent of chratoxin in Broilers DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2003, 2(6), 465-468.
Consideration for Dietary Nutrient Density and Energy Feeding Programs for Growing Large Male Broiler Chickens for Further ProcessingInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(1), 11-16.
Performance of Guinea Fowl Numida Meleagris Fed Varying Levels of Poultry DroppingsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(5), 357-360.
Effect of Supplemental Humate at Different Levels on the Growth Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Traits of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(6), 406-410.
Effect of Yucca schidigera and Natural Zeolite on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(10), 651-654.
Effect of Dietary Concentration Meat and Bone Meal on Broiler Chickens PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(11), 719-723.
Broiler Performance upon Dietary Substitution of Cocoa Husks for MaizeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2004, 3(12), 779-782.
The Influence of Dietary Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Supplementation and Different Slaughter Age on the Performance, Slaughter and Carcass Properties of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(5), 309-316.
Effects of Diacetoxyscirpenol and Fusaric Acid on Poults: Individual and Combined Effects of Dietary Diacetoxyscirpenol and Fusaric Acid on Turkey Poult PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(6), 350-355.
Effects of Supplementing Broiler Diets Low in Crude Protein with Essential and Nonessential Amino AcidsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(6), 425-431.
Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Egg Quality and Laying Hen`s PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(7), 488-492.
Effect of Three Sources of Fibre and Period of Feeding on the Performance, Carcase Measures, Organs Relative Weight and Meat Quality in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(9), 695-700.
Effect of Dietary Protein Levels and Soybean Oil Supplementation on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(10), 799-803.
Effects of Dietary Mineral Premix Reduction or Withdrawal on Broilers PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(11), 896-899.
The Effect of Anise Oil (Pimpinella anisum L.) On Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(11), 851-855.
The Effect of an Essential Oil Mix Derived from Oregano, Clove and Anise on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(11), 879-884.
Effect of Diet Dilution in the Starter Period on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(12), 1006-1011.
Effect of Different Energy to Protein Ratio and Tallow Supplementation on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(12), 976-981.
Effect of Different Non-Phytate Phosphorus Levels and Phytase Sources on Performance in Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2005, 4(12), 1001-1005.
The Effect of Treated Rice Milling Waste on Performance, Nutrient Retention, Carcass and Organ Characteristics of Finisher BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(1), 51-55.
Effect of Environmental Conditions in Poultry Houses on the Performance of Laying HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(1), 26-30.
Effect of Sodium Bentonite and Comparison of Pellet vs Mash on Performance of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(1), 31-34.
Alternative Induced-Molting Methods for Continuous Feed Withdrawal and Their Influence on Postmolt Performance of Laying HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(1), 47-50.
Performance, Carcass Traits and Hematological Parameters of Heat-Stressed Broiler Chicks in Response to Dietary Levels of Chromium PicolinateInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(1), 65-69.
Use of Plant Based Calcium Salt of Fatty Acids in Broiler DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(1), 96-98.
The Effects of Antibiotic Growth Promoter, Probiotic or Organic Acid Supplementation on Performance, Intestinal Microflora and Tissue of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(2), 149-155.
Dietary Energy and Crude Protein Requirement for Chicks of Nigeria Local Fowl and CrossbreedsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(3), 271-274.
Responses of Broiler Chicks to Non-Phytate Phosphorous Levels and Phytase SupplementationInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(3), 251-254.
Replacement Value of Bambaranut Voandzeia subterranea Sievate for Soyabean Meal Glycin max on the Performance of Finisher Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(4), 381-384.
The Effects of Diet Containing Fish Oil on Some Blood Parameters and the Performance Values of Broilers and Cost EfficiencyInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(5), 415-419.
Effect of Pellet and Mash Diets Associated with Biozyme Enzyme on Broilers PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(5), 485-490.
Effect of Enzyme Supplemented Cassava Root Sieviate on Egg Quality Gut Morphology and Performance of Egg Type ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(6), 526-529.
Influence of Supplemental Dried Whey on Broiler Performance and Cecal FloraInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(6), 538-543.
Performance of Broiler Chicks (Gallus domesticus) Fed Maize Offal-Based Diets Supplemented with Roxazyme G EnzymeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(7), 607-610.
Performance Characteristics and Nutrient Utilization of Starter Broilers Fed Raw and Processed Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) Seed MealInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(7), 693-697.
The Nutritive Potentials of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Rind in Broiler ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(7), 613-617.
Evaluation of Sun and Oven-Dried Broiler Offal Meal as Replacement for Fishmeal in Broiler and Layer RationsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(7), 646-650.
The Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Phosphorus (Inorganic Phosphorus) on Performance in Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(7), 666-669.
Effects of Different Feed Withdrawals on Performance and Fecal Contamination of Carcass in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(10), 975-978.
Comparative Efficacy of DL-Methionine and Herbal Methionine on Performance of Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(11), 1034-1039.
Effect of Turmeric Rhizome Powder on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(11), 1069-1072.
Effect of Different Levels of Rapeseed Meal Supplemented with Calcium Iodate on Performance, Some Carcass Traits, and Thyroid Hormones of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(11), 1073-1078.
Effects of Replacement of Soybean Meal with Rapeseed Meal on Organs Weight, Some Blood Biochemical Parameters and Performance of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(12), 1110-1115.
Effect of Early Feed Restriction on Performance Characteristics and Serum Thyroxin of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2006, 5(12), 1156-1159.
In-Breeding Effect on Performance of Rhode Island Chickens Selected for Part-Period Egg ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(1), 13-17.
Effect of Chronic Heat Stress on Broiler Performance in JordanInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(1), 64-70.
Effect of Phytase Supplementation on Nutrients Availability and Performance of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(1), 55-58.
Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Economy of Production of Broilers Fed Maize-Grit and Brewers Dried Grain Replacing MaizeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(2), 156-160.
Effect of Quality Feeds and Litter Materials on Broiler Performance under Hot Humid ClimateInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(1), 14-22.
Influence of Dietary Energy and Poultry Fat on the Response of Broiler Chicks to Heat ThermInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(4), 355-359.
Rosemary Leaves as a Dietary Supplement for Growth in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(3), 234-239.
The Effects of Photoperiod Programs on Broiler Chicken Performance and Immune ResponseInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(7), 665-671.
Effect of Dietary Organic Acid Supplementation on Egg Production, Egg Quality and Some Blood Serum Parameters in Laying HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(6), 613-621.
Effect of Induced Moulting in Male and Female Line Broiler Breeder Hens by Zinc Oxide and Feed Withdrawal Methods on Post Molt Performance ParametersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(6), 586-593.
Effect of a Lactobacillus Spp-Based Probiotic Culture Product on Broiler Chicks Performance under Commercial ConditionsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(3), 154-156.
Effect of Microbial Phytase in Soybean Meal Based Broiler Diets Containing Low PhosphorousInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(3), 201-206.
Performance of Laying Hens Fed Varying Dietary Levels of Bambara (Voandzeia subterrenea Thouars) OffalsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(3), 223-226.
Effect of Prebiotic (Fermacto) in Low Protein Diet on Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(9), 661-665.
Response of Broilers Performance to Dietary Betaine and Folic Acid at Different Methionine LevelsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(7), 515-523.
The Effect of Artichocke Leaves Meal on the Utilization of Dietary Energy for Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(12), 973-982.
Effect of Drinking Labaneh Whey on Growth Performance of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(11), 842-845.
Selenium Yeast Effect on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(8), 798-805.
The Use of Some Feed Additives as Growth Promoter in Broilers NutritionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(11), 1095-1099.
Broilers Welfare and Economics under Two Management Alternatives on Commercial ScaleInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(12), 1167-1173.
Performance of Broilers Fed Raw Bambarra Groundnut [Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc] Offal Diets Supplemented with Lysine and or MethionineInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(12), 1177-1181.
Fear Behaviour, Ease of Capture and Performance Traits of Growing Meat Type ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2008, 7(12), 1185-1189.
Effects of Copper Sulfate on Productive, Reproductive Performance and Blood Constituents of Laying Japanese Quail Fed Optimal and Sub-Optimal ProteinInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(1), 80-89.
Effects of Refined Petroleum Product (Kerosene) Flame and Fumes on the Performance of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(2), 188-191.
Performance and Economic Characteristics of Broilers Fed Varying Dietary Levels of Neem Leaf Meal (Azadirachta indica)International Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(3), 256-259.
The Effect of Feed Restriction Programs and Growth Curves on Reproductive Performance, in vitro Lipogenesis and Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratios in Broiler Breeder HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(4), 373-388.
Effect of Dietary Graded Levels of Leucaena leucocephala Seeds on Layers Performance, Egg Quality and Blood ParametersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(5), 475-479.
Experimental Mycotoxicosis in Layer Induced by Ochratoxin A and its Amelioration with Herbomineral Toxin Binder ‘Toxiroak’International Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(8), 798-803.
Performance, Breast Morphological and Carcass Traits in the Ardennaise Chicken BreedInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(5), 452-456.
Protein and Amino Acid Supplementation Levels for Broilers in Pre-Starter RationInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(10), 946-951.
Threonine Requirement of Broiler from 22-42 DaysInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(9), 862-865.
Comparative Study of the Performance of Breeds of Layers in Sub Sahara Region of AfricaInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(12), 1165-1169.
The Effects of Enzyme Supplementation on Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Some Blood Parameters of Broilers Fed on Corn-Soybean Meal-Wheat DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(12), 1199-1205.
Effect of Arginine Level and Source and Level of Methionine on Performance of Broilers 0 to 18 Days of AgeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(1), 14-20.
Effect of Dietary Crude Protein, Lysine Level and Amino Acid Balance on Performance of Broilers 0 to 18 Days of AgeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(1), 21-27.
Effect of Human Factor on Fear and Stress Reactions and Some Performance Parameters in Broiler Chickens1International Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(1), 59-62.
The Influence of Supplemental Multi-enzyme Feed Additive on the Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality Traits of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(2), 126-133.
Effects of Exposure Duration to Cottonseed Cake-Based Diets on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(2), 162-166.
Immune Response and Performance of Broiler Chicks Fed Protexin and Propionic AcidInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(2), 188-191.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Acidifier Calcium Propionate on the Performance and Carcass Quality of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)International Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(3), 264-272.
Enzyme Supplementation of Corn-Soybean Meal Diets Improves Performance in Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(3), 292-297.
Extraction of Enzymes from Four Fungi and Their Use to Improve the Nutritive Value of Groundnut Pod for Broiler FeedingInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(4), 340-346.
The Application of Prebiotics in Poultry ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(3), 298-304.
Effect of Westwood (Cirina forda) Larva Meal on the Laying Performance and Egg Characteristics of Laying Hen in a Tropical EnvironmentInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(5), 450-454.
Effect of Fermentation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Fruit Peel on its Phytonutrients and the Performance of Broiler StarterInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(6), 546-549.
Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Japanese Quails Fed Diets Containing Wolffia Meal [Wolffia globosa (L). Wimm.] as a Protein Replacement for Soybean MealInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(6), 562-566.
Evaluation of Faba Beans, White Lupins and Peas as Protein Sources in Broiler DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(6), 567-573.
Effect of Wolffia Meal [Wolffia globosa (L). Wimm.] As a Dietary Protein Replacement on Performance and Carcass Characteristics in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(7), 664-668.
Nutritional Evaluation of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis) Fruit Peel as a Feed Resource in Broiler ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(7), 684-688.
Biodegradation of Palm Kernel Cake with Multienzyme Complexes from Fungi and its Feeding Value for BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(7), 695-701.
Effects of Dietary Copper Source and Level on Growth, Organ Weights and Carcass Characteristics of Cherry Valley Meat DucksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(8), 726-730.
Meta-analysis of Laying Hen Trials Using Diets With or Without Allzyme® SSF Enzyme ComplexInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(9), 824-827.
The Effect of Feeding Red Ginger as Phytobiotic on Body Weight Gain, Feed Conversion and Internal Organs Condition of BroilerInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(10), 963-967.
An Examination of the P Requirements of Broiler Breeders for Performance, Progeny Quality and P Balance 1. Non-phytate PhosphorusInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(11), 1043-1049.
Performance of Various Broiler Chicken Hybrids Fed with Commercially Produced Feed MixturesInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2010, 9(11), 1076-1082.
Productive Performance of Four Commercial Broiler Genotypes Reared under High Ambient TemperaturesInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(2), 87-92.
Effect of Choline Chloride Supplementation on Broiler Chicks Fed Leucaena leucocephala SeedsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(2), 143-146.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Acids on Performance, Nutrients Digestibility and Health of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(3), 176-184.
Performance of Starter Broilers Fed Raw Pigeon Pea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] Seed Meal Diets Supplemented with Lysine and or MethionineInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(3), 205-211.
Performance of Broilers Fed Varying Levels of Palm Kernel CakeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(4), 290-294.
Effect of Stocking Density and Feeding Regime on Performance of Broiler Chicken in Summer SeasonInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(5), 365-375.
Inclusion of Some Raw Legume Grains as Broiler Chicks ConcentratesInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(5), 393-396.
Body Weight, Intestinal Morphometry and Cell Proliferation of Broiler Chickens Submitted to Cyclic Heat StressInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(6), 455-460.
Increasing Amino Acids Density Improves Broiler Live WeightInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(7), 523-526.
Survey of Newcastle Disease Effects on Broiler Breeder PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(7), 574-578.
Experimental Afla and Ochratoxin Induced Mixed Mycotoxicosis in Broilers and its Amelioration with Herbomineral Toxin Binder ‘Toxiroak Gold’International Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(7), 560-566.
Growth, Hematology and Serology of Broiler Chickens Fed Different Cultivars of Sorghum as Replacement for Maize in the Semi-Arid Zone of NigeriaInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(8), 608-612.
The Potency of Chamomile Flowers (Matericaria chamomilla L.) as Feed Supplements (Growth Promoters) on Productive Performance and Hematological Parameters Constituents of BroilerInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(9), 726-729.
An Examination of the P Requirements of Broiler Breeders for Performance, Progeny Quality and P Balance 2. Ca Particle SizeInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(10), 760-765.
Evaluation of Canola Meal from Biodiesel Production as a Feed Ingredient for BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(10), 782-785.
The Effect of Earthworm Meal Supplementation in the Diet on Quail’s Growth Performance in Attempt to Replace the Usage of Fish MealInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(10), 804-806.
The Effect of Single or Combined Dietary Supplementation of Mannan Oligosacharide and Probiotics on Performance and Slaughter Characteristics of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(11), 854-862.
Effects of Dietary Inclusion Level of Distillers’ Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) from Wheat and Corn on Amino Acid Digestibilities in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2011, 10(12), 952-958.
Effects of Roxazyme G® and Maxigrain® on Performance, Egg Quality, Cost-Benefit and Haematological Parameters of Laying Hens Fed Wheat Offal, Corn Bran and Brewery Dry Grain DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(1), 33-38.
Performance, Carcass Characteristics and Blood Composition of Broilers Fed Varying Levels of Palm Kernel Meal (Elaise guinensis) Supplemented with Different Levels of FishmealInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(1), 73-77.
Effect of Inclusion of Garlic (Allium sativum) Powder at Different Levels and Copper into Diets of Hens on Performance, Egg Quality Traits and Yolk Cholesterol ContentInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(2), 114-119.
Effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Performance and Blood Serum Parameters of BroilerInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(2), 143-146.
Performance and Heterophil to Lymphocyte (H/L) Ratio Profile of Broiler Chickens Subjected to Feeding Time RestrictionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(2), 153-157.
Low Crude Protein Corn and Soybean Meal Diets with Amino Acid Supplementation for Broilers in the Starter Period 1. Effects of Feeding 15% Crude ProteinInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(3), 161-165.
Low Crude Protein Corn and Soybean Meal Diets with Amino Acid Supplementation for Broilers in the Starter Period. 2. Effects of Feeding 13% Crude ProteinInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(3), 166-171.
Efficacy of Herbomineral Toxin Binder ‘Vilocym Z’ in Amelioration of Mixed Mycotoxicosis in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(3), 209-216.
Methionine Supplementation Options in PoultryInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 8(6), 588-591.
Comparative Study on Some Productive Traits of Muscovy and Sudani Ducks in EgyptInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(4), 264-268.
Effect of Dietary Raw Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds on Broiler Performance and Blood ConstituentsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(4), 294-297.
Influence of a Probiotic Containing Lactobacillus fermentum on the Laying Performance and Egg Quality of Japanese QuailsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(4), 311-315.
Effect of Different Mushrooms Fed to Eimeria-Challenged Broilers on Rearing PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(7), 433-437.
Effect of Crayfish Waste Meal on Performance Characteristics and Nutrient Retention of Broiler FinishersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(8), 496-499.
Does Inclusion at Low Levels of Organically Complexed Minerals Versus Inorganic Forms Create a Weakness in Performance or Antioxidant Defense System in Broiler Diets?International Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(10), 666-672.
The Effect of Different Levels of Canola Oil on Performance, Egg Shell Quality and Fatty Acid Composition of Laying HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2012, 11(12), 769-776.
Effect of Incubation Time and Level of Fungus Myceliated Grain Supplemented Diet on the Growth and Health of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(4), 206-211.
Protein and Digestible Threonine Levels in Pre Starter Diets for Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(7), 406-410.
Evaluation of Some Natural Antioxidant Sources in Broiler Diets: 1-Effect on Growth, Physiological, Microbiological and Immunological Performance of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(10), 561-571.
Evaluation of a Rice/Soy Fermentate on Performance and Volatilization of Odorants from Fresh Fecal Material When Included in Broiler DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2013, 12(12), 698-704.
Effect of Nanocapsule Level on Broiler Performance and Fat DepositionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(1), 31-35.
Duodenum Histomorphology and Performance as Influenced by Dietary Supplementation of Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Garlic (Allium sativum) and its Combinations as a Feed Additive in BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(1), 36-41.
Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Probiotic or Prebiotic on Growth Performance, Organ Weight, Blood Parameters and Antibody Titers Against Influenza and Newcastle in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(2), 70-75.
Effect of Strain and Finisher Diet Non-Phytate Phosphorus Level on Performance and Litter Composition in Large Tom ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(5), 246-252.
Evaluation of the Nutritive Value of Sorghum Variety ICSV400 in Broiler DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(6), 329-334.
Effect of Partially Protected Sodium Butyrate on Performance, Digestive Organs, Intestinal Villi and E. coli Development in Broilers ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(7), 390-396.
Egg Size of Saudi Local Layers as Affected by Line of the Bird (Body Weight at Sexual Maturity) and Dietary Fat LevelInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(8), 442-448.
Evaluation the Effects of Dietary Cholecalciferol Substitution with 1alpha-Hydroxycholecalciferol on Performance and Tibia Parameters in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(9), 515-517.
Effects of Protein Levels and Supplementation of Methyl Group Donor on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance of Broiler Chickens in the TropicsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2014, 13(10), 575-581.
Effect of Different Dietary Levels of Acid Whey Powder on Growth Performance and Immune Responses of Broiler ChicksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(2), 67-71.
Effects of Feeding Prosopis juliflora Pods with and Without Exogenous Enzyme on Performance, Meat Quality and Health of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(2), 76-88.
Effects of Genetic Strain and Protein Concentrate Removal from Finisher Ration on Performance and Carcass Parameters of Broilers Reared under Hot ClimateInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(2), 92-99.
Effect of Inclusion Inorganic, Organic or Nano Selenium Forms in Broiler Diets On: 1-Growth Performance, Carcass and Meat CharacteristicsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(3), 135-143.
Effect of Dietary Nanosilver on Broiler PerformanceInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(3), 177-182.
The Effect of Glycine Supplementation on Performance of Broilers Fed Sub-marginal Protein with Adequate Synthetic Methionine and LysineInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2003, 2(6), 394-397.
Reproductive Performance of Broiler Breeders as Affected by Age at Initiation of Laying Cycle Lighting ProgramInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2007, 6(7), 462-465.
Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Crude Protein on Growth Performance, Body Composition of Broiler Chicken and Low Protein Diet in Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(5), 285-292.
Growth Performance and Gut Development of Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Fed Diets with Different Ratio of Mash and PelletInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(6), 359-363.
Effect of Different LED Light Colors on Development of the Reproductive System of QuailsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(7), 383-386.
Effect of Liquid Nanocapsule Level on Broiler Performance and Total CholesterolInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(7), 403-406.
On Top Dose of Vitamin D as the Only Source in the First Week of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(9), 533-536.
Effect of Mangosteen Pericarp Meal and Vitamin E Supplements on the Performance, Blood Profiles, Antioxidant Enzyme and HSP 70 Gene Expression of Laying Hens in Tropical EnvironmentInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(10), 570-576.
A Study on Efficacy of Fumaric Acid Supplementation in Diet of Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(11), 589-594.
Efficacy of Glucomannan-Containing Yeast and Glucomannan Extracted from Amorphophallus oncophyllus Against Aflatoxins in Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(12), 633-638.
A Review on Positive Effects of Fenugreek as Feed Additive in Poultry ProductionInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2015, 14(12), 664-669.
Profitable Utilization of Giant Salvinia, Salvinia molesta, as Local Duck FeedInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(4), 121-125.
Effects of Mao Pomace Powder as a Dietary Supplement on the Production Performance and Egg Quality in Laying HensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(4), 139-143.
Effect of Different Combinations of Unboiled and Boiled Tomato Waste in Diet on Performance, Internal Organ Development and Serum Lipid Profile of Broiler ChickenInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2016, 15(7), 283-286.
Effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a Probiotic on Growth Performance Parameters of Pitalah DucksInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(4), 147-153.
Inclusion of Probiotic on Chicken Performance and Immunity: A ReviewInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(9), 328-335.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Plant Extract Blend on the Growth Performance, Lipid Profile, Immune Response and Carcass Traits of Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(7), 248-256.
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of a Plant Extract Blend on Broiler Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Caecal Microflora and Intestinal HistomorphologyInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(9), 344-353.
Effect of Dietary Fat Sources and Antioxidant Types on Growth Performance and Carcass Quality of Japanese QuailsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2017, 16(11), 443-450.
Growth Performance and Haematological and Serological Assessment of Broiler Chickens Fed Thermally Processed Prosopis juliflora Pod-based DietsInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(6), 268-279.
Using Different Feed Additives as Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoter to Improve Growth Performance and Carcass Traits of BroilersInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2018, 17(6), 255-261.
The Effect of Spray-Dried Bovine Plasma and Shrimp Hydrolysate on Components of the Immune System and Zootechnical Parameters in Broiler ChickensInternational Journal of Poultry Science, 2019, 18(6), 264-275.
Cited By
Investigation the Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Characteristics of Rooster Semen During Liquid Storage
Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2011, 10(15), 1985. DOI: 10.3923/javaa.2011.1985.1990
Study the Effects of Different Levels of Energy and L-carnitine on Meat Quality and Serum Lipids of Japanese QuailAsian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2011, 6(9), 944. DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2011.944.952
Energy partitioning by broiler breeder pullets in skip-a-day and precision feeding systemsPoultry Science, 2018, (), . DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey283
The metabolic regulation of dietary L-carnitine in aquaculture nutrition: present status and future research strategiesReviews in Aquaculture, 2018, (), . DOI: 10.1111/raq.12289
Effects of l-carnitine via in ovo injection with or without l-carnitine feed supplementation on broiler hatchability and posthatch performanceJournal of Applied Poultry Research, 2011, 20(4), 491. DOI: 10.3382/japr.2010-00280
Impact of growth curve and dietary energy-to-protein ratio on productive performance of broiler breedersPoultry Science, 2021, 100(7), 101131. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101131