Research Article 
Floristic, Biological and Leaf Size Spectra of Weeds in Gram, Lentil, Mustard and Wheat Fields of District Chakwal, Pakistan
Zaheer Ahmad Nasir and Sikander Sultan
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2002, 5(7), 758-762.
Abstract
A total of 78 weed species were recorded within gram, lentil, mustard and wheat crops. They were distributed among 28 families, including 2 monocots. The most important families were Asteraceae, Poaceae (11 spp. each), Papilionaceae (7 spp.), Boraginaceae (6 spp.), Amaranthaceae (5 spp.) and Solanaceae (4 spp.), while the remaining families had less than four species. There were 47 weed species in gram fields, 41 in lentil fields, 53 in mustard fields and 59 in wheat fields. Maximum contribution was made by therophytes (49 spp.) followed by hemicryptophytes (18 spp.) and chamaephytes (10 spp.). One parasitic weed species was also recorded. Except microphyllous (12 spp.) and mesophyllous (3 spp.), most of the species were leptophyllous and nanophyllous with 26 and 37 species, respectively. Leaf size of most weeds were reduced indicating an adaptation to arid region. A quantitative analysis is required to determine the ecological status of these weeds in various crops for their proper management.
ASCI-ID: 1-2428
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