Research Article 
Noxious Weeds of Winter Crops in District Chakwal, Pakistan
Zaheer Ahmad Nasir and Sikander Sultan
International Journal of Agricultural Research, 2006, 1(5), 480-487.
Abstract
To identify the noxious and ecologically operative weeds in winter crops of the district Chakwal, two weed surveys were carried out at various sites during Dec., 1999 and March, 2000. Asphodelus tenuifolius, Medicago denticulata and Carthamus oxycantha were three top ranking weeds in gram fields with importance values 61.09, 32.96 and 30.48, respectively. In lentil fields A. tenuifolius (54.44), C. oxycantha (42.58) and Emexs australis (42.12) were dominant weeds during Dec., 1999 and March, 2000. The three most noxious weeds in the mustard fields were A. tenuifolious, Convolvulus arvensis and Centaurea iberica with importance values 63.87, 42.24 and 32.74, respectively. In wheat fields three species exhibiting the highest importance values were Convolvulus arvensis (53.41), Fumaria indica (45.55) and Galium aparine (35.48). The overall noxious weeds were A. tenuifolius (51.39), Convolvulus arvensis (36.81), F. indica (32.80), C. oxycantha (29.91), Medicago denticulata (28.37), Pentanema vestitum (28.16), C. iberica (27.47), E. australis (24.63), Cousinia thomsonii (24.25), G. aparine (23.39), Vicia monantha (21.76) and Calendula arvensis (21.24). Asteraceae, Papilionaceae and Poaceae were the most important families with importance values 193.00, 115.34 and 105.92, respectively. Most of these weeds were annuals and can be controlled by eradicating them before flowering.
ASCI-ID: 32-93
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